中级美国英语Lesson44:虚拟语气[四]

五.复习跟过去事实相反的说法

下面我们再作一组练习, 一方面复习跟过去事实相反的说法, 一方面复习以前 学过的词汇, 比方平衡预算, 裁减赤字, 制造就业机会, 争取民权等等. 练习的 内容是说鲍勃所支持的候选人没有当选; 不过如果他当时选上了, 他会不会设 法实践竞选诺言. 练习的作法是由珍妮问鲍勃一些问题, 比方: Would he have tried to carry out his campaign promises if he had been elected? 鲍勃就肯定地 答覆说: He would have tried to carry out his campaign promises. 请你注意听珍 妮问问题,然后跟鲍勃一起回答.

F: Would he have tried to carry out his campaign promises if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to carry out his campaign promises.

F: Would he have tried to balance the budget if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to balance the budget.

F: Would he have tried to cut spending if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to cut spending.

F: Would he have tried to reduce the deficit if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to reduce the deficit.

F: Would he have tried to create job opportunities if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to create job opportunities.

F: Would he have tried to improve the economy if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to improve the economy.

F: Would he have tried to fight for civil rights if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to fight for civil rights.

F: Would he have tried to look after senior citizens if he had been elected?

M: He would have tried to look after senior citizens.

六.复习 WISH

下面我们作一组练习, 一方面复习用 wish 来表达跟现在的情况相反的愿望, 一方面学习新词汇, 比方 "工作卖力" dedicated, "有果断力" decisive, "知识 丰富" knowledgeable, "能言善道" eloquent, "思想创新" innovative 等等. 练 习的内容说到鲍勃决定不选某个候选人的种种原因. 练习的作法是鲍勃用 if 说出跟目前的情况相反的话,比方: If he were more experienced,I would vote for him. 请你把句子改成: I wish he were more experienced. 每作完一句, 老 师就会把句子再念一遍给你听. 现在我们开始.

M: If he were more experienced, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more experienced.

M: If he were more dedicated, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more dedicated.

M: If he were more organized, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more organized.

M: If he were more decisive, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more decisive.

M: If he were more knowledgeable, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more knowledgeable.

M: If he were more eloquent, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more eloquent.

M: If he were more innovative, I would vote for him.

F: I wish he were more innovative.

七.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听一篇介绍美国总统选举的文章. 这篇文章谈到大选的基本程序, 美国两个主要政党提名的候选人怎么样从事竞选等等.

现在请你注意听, 等一会儿我们还是依照惯例按着文章内容, 问你三个问题.

Every four years, Americans elect a president. According to the constitution any American citizen over 40 years of age who was born in the U.S. can be president. There are always many candidates who hope they will be elected.

There are many political parties in the United States, and most of these will have candidates for president. However, two political parties are much stronger than the others.

They are called the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. For over a hundred years, the man elected as president has always been either a Democrat or a Republican.

All American citizens over 18 years of age can vote for a president. The process of electing a president takes nearly a year. During the election year there are numerous local elections, called primary elections, held in many of the fifty states. These elections indicate who the most popular candidates are. In primary elections, usually held in the winter and spring, candidates run against members of their own parties. In this way they try to get support of party members around the country. During the summer,both parties have conventions where the party members make the final choice for the party's presidential candidate. Each party chooses a person to run for president and a person to run for vice president. The two candidates work as a team. They will win or lose the election together.

Once the final candidates are chosen, they campaign around the country, trying to win votes.

The national election is held in November. The candidate who wins becomes president the following January. The election process is long and costly. Thousands of people work for the leading candidates. Millions of dollars are spent. Individuals prepare to run for presidency for many years. Nearly all of these people fail to ever win.

现在请你回答问题. 在你回答之后老师会念出正确答案给你听.

第一个问题是:

M: How do Americans choose a president?

F: They hold elections every 4 years.

第二个问题是:

M: What are "primary elections"?

F: They are local elections held before the national election.

第三个问题是:

M: When are the final candidates chosen?

F: They are chosen in party conventions during the summer.