中级美国英语Lesson41:虚拟语气[一]

四.COULD HAVE BEEN

下面我们作一组练习, 学习用could have been 作句子来揣测过去发生的事情.

比方玛丽听说彼得吃坏了肚子, 就猜测可能是彼得前一天晚上在饭店吃的东 西不干净. 她问彼得许多问题, 彼得都一一的作肯定的答覆.在这组练习里你 可以学到美国快餐店常常有的食物和调味品, 比方 "炸薯条" french fries, "牛 奶冰淇淋混合饮料" milkshake 等等. 现在请你注意听玛丽问问题, 并且跟彼 得一起做肯定的答复.

F: Could it have been the pizza that you had?

M: It could have been the pizza that I had.

F: Could it have been the salad that you had?

M: It could have been the salad that I had.

F: Could it have been the salad dressing?

M: It could have been the salad dressing.

F: Could it have been the roastbeef sandwich that you ate?

M: It could have been the roastbeef sandwich that I ate.

F: Could it have been the cheeseburger that you ate?

M: It could have been the cheeseburger that I ate.

F: Could it have been the french fries?

M: It could have been the french fries.

F: Could it have been the milkshake that you drank?

M: It could have been the milkshake that I drank?

F: Could it have been the coffee that you drank?

M: It could have been the coffee that I drank.

五.SHOULD + 完成时态

在下面一组练习里, 玛丽用 should 加上完成时态向彼得提出建议, 比方 "你当 时应该慢慢吃." You should have eaten more leisurely. 彼得就用 could 加上 完成时态回答说: "我当时是可以慢慢吃,可是我没有." I could have eaten more leisurely, but I didn't. 现在请你注意听玛丽的建议, 并且跟彼得一起回答.

F: You should have gone to a more traditional restaurant.

M: I could have gone to a more traditional restaurant, but I didn't.

F: You should have ordered better food.

M: I could have ordered better food, but I didn't.

F: You should have eaten more leisurely.

M: I could have eaten more leisurely, but I didn't.

F: You should have had dinner at home.

M: I could have had dinner at home, but I didn't.

F: You should have cooked something for yourself.

M: I could have cooked something for myself, but I didn't.

F: You should have made a better decision.

M: I could have made a better decision, but I didn't.

六.MIGHT + 完成时态

下面我们学习用 might 加上完成时态来揣测过去发生的事情.比方说彼得去快 餐店吃饭,排队排了半天一直没有服务员来招呼他; 好不容易来了服务员,彼得 叫了菜, 服务员拿来的却不是他要的.下面老师用 maybe 和过去时态作句子揣 测发生这种情况的原因, 比方彼得可能站错了队,服务员可能心不在焉,可能把 别人叫的菜给了彼得等等,请你改用might 和完成时态把原来的意思表达出来.

下面就是一个例子:

M:Maybe Peter stood in the wrong line.

F: Peter might have stood in the wrong line.

现在我们开始作练习. 每作完一句, 就请你听老师念正确答案.

M: Maybe Peter stood in the wrong line.

F: Peter might have stood in the wrong line.

M: Maybe the clerk was busy.

F: The clerk might have been busy.

M: Maybe the clerk was absent-minded.

F: The clerk might have been absent-minded.

M: Maybe the clerk misunderstood him.

F: The clerk might have misunderstood him.

M: Maybe the clerk gave him someone else's order.

F: The clerk might have given him someone else's order.

七.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听一篇介绍美国快餐店的文章. 这篇文章谈到快餐店的种类,特色, 跟受美国人欢迎的原因.

请你注意听. 等一会儿我们要根据文章内容问你几个问题.

The favorite food in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of round sandwich of cooked ground beef. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.

There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. The most numerous sell hamburgers, french fries and milkshakes, which are traditionally popular foods among Americans. In addition, fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Mexican food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream are very numerous.

The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one. Fast food restaurants are popular because they reflect American life style.

First, they are not formal restaurants. Customers wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place.

Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it.

Finally, most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can afford to eat at a fast food restaurant often, while they may not be able to afford a more traditional and more expensive restaurant very often.

现在请你回答下面三个问题.每回答一个问题,老师就会念出正确答案给你听.

第一个问题是:

M: What kinds of food can people get in fast food restaurants?

F: They can get hamburgers, french fries, milkshakes, pizza, chicken, seafood, ice cream and others.

第二个问题是:

M: Why do Americans go to fast food restaurants?

F: It is because fast food restaurants are fast, informal and inexpensive.

第三个问题是:

M: Is the food cooked to order in a fast food restaurant?

F: No, it is not.